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Productive sanitation and the link to food security - Factsheet of Working Group 5

This factsheet provides information on the link between sanitation and agriculture as well as related implications on health, economy and the environment. It presents examples of treating and using treated excreta and wastewater in a productive way and describes the potential for urbanagriculture and resource recovery in rural areas.Institutional and legal aspects, business opportunities and management of associated health risks are also discussed. Productive sanitation is the term used for the variety of sanitation systems that make productive use of the nutrient, organic matter, water and energy content of human excretaand wastewater in agricultural production and aquaculture. These systems should enable the recovery of resources in household wastewater, minimise consumption and pollution of water resources, support the conservation of soil fertility as well as agricultural productivity and thereby ontribute to food security and help to reduce malnutrition.The implementation and scaling-up of productive sanitation systems is inhibited by weak, non-existing and sometimes prohibiting legislation. It is therefore necessary to develop relevant legislation along the sanitation chain taking into consideration the type of crops, occupational health, food hygiene and other preventive and risk managementmeasures. This requires awareness raising, advocacy and behavioural change by all stakeholders. Further applied research is also needed to assess risk management options at the interface between agriculture and sanitation to support policy dialogue at the local and national level.

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Quality of the products / Storage of urine - within SANIRESCH Project

A central aim of the measures for nutrient recovery from wastewater streams is to guarantee the best possible separation between valuable substances and pollutants. It is necessary to ensure a high-quality application of the nutrients. The pollutant concentrations in the recycled products are ideally not higher than the range of the concentrations in mineral fertilisers. This aspect will be assessed within the project component “quality of products”.The concentration of investigated pollutants will be compared with the existing legal limit values as well as with the limit values under discussion. The main focus will be on the fate of trace elements as well as ultra trace elements during and after the treatment. In particular, pharmaceuticals must not be found in the fertiliser product.

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Quality of the products / Storage of urine - within SANIRESCH Project

A central aim of the measures for nutrient recovery from wastewater streams is to guarantee the best possible separation between valuable substances and pollutants. It is necessary to ensure a high-quality application of the nutrients. The pollutant concentrations in the recycled products are ideally not higher than the range of the concentrations in mineral fertilisers. This aspect will be assessed within the project component “quality of products”.The concentration of investigated pollutants will be compared with the existing legal limit values as well as with the limit values under discussion. The main focus will be on the fate of trace elements as well as ultra trace elements during and after the treatment. In particular, pharmaceuticals must not be found in the fertiliser product.

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Reinvent the Toilet Challenge (RTTC, Round 1 and 2), Grand Challenges Explorations (Round 6 and 7) - Request for proposals, grant conditions, Seattle ...

The challenge presently posed to humanity’s best and brightest is to develop practical ways and means for giving the “bottom billion” people access to safe and affordable sanitation that is pleasing to use and effectively removes human waste from the environment while recovering components that can be recycled.The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge:The initial phase of the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge involves offering grant support to exceptionally qualified, highly focused, innovative individuals and teams at selected universities with recent records of extraordinary engineering excellence in pertinent areas. The challenge is to commence the prototyping, conceptualizing, and designing of highly innovative ways and means of disposing of human waste in the high-value-engineered circumstances demanded by potential widespread, near-term adoption in the developing world. Note that this Challenge is a separate process from the open calls for proposals issued by the Foundation as part of its “Grand Challenges Explorations” grant process.Capabilities of primary interest to this challenge include acceptably disposing of the bodily wastes of a typical human adult for a total cost (capital and operating) of less than $0.05 per day. This “stretch goal” represents a large advance in cost-efficiency over contemporary “best available means” (e.g., those of life-support systems in underwater or space-going vehicles) even after taking credit for plausibly steep learning curves and mass production on indicated scales. Nonetheless, they represent the levels of economic efficiency that must be attained in order to have real potential for major favorable impacts on the human condition in the developing world during the next few decades.++++++++The Reinvent the Toilet Fair (14-15 August 2012, Seattle, USA) showcased innovations from around the world that are creating a new vision for the next generation of sanitation.The fair aimed to inspire collaboration around a shared mission of delivering a reinvented toilet for the 2.5 billion people worldwide who don’t have access to safe and affordable sanitation.The fair featured the foundation’s Water, Sanitation & Hygiene team’s earliest technology bets — most of the work presented received funding just over a year ago. During that time, grantees and partners have made some promising progress. The exhibits include efforts to reinvent the toilet, and approaches to improve the collection, treatment, and disposal of human waste. The fair was meant to spur partnerships and conversations about how we can work together to bring sanitation to those who need it most.++++++++++++++The following projects are included in the Exhibitor Guide with detailed factsheets:Fecal Sludge Omni-IngestorImproved latrine pans for pour-flush systemsAn energy-producing, waterless toilet systemA high-efficiency sanitary toilet with sewage treatmentA self-mixing biogas generatorDeveloping fortified fertilizer pellets from human waste Sewage Containment and Mineralization device (SeCoM)Tiger Toilet & Black Soldier Fly Larvae Collection SystemBioelectric ToiletDeveloping chemicals to self-clean and disinfect toiletsModeling the next generation of sanitation systemsA toilet that converts human waste to fuel gasThe Microflush Biofil ToiletDiversion for safe sanitationPromoting sanitation and nutrient recovery through urine separationA community bathroom block that recovers clean water, nutrients, and energyA toilet that produces biological charcoal, minerals, and clean waterA device that sterilizes fecal sludgeThe Earth Auger Toilet: Innovation in waterless sanitation (el taladro de la tierra)A toilet that sanitizes feces and urine to recover resources and energySafe sludge projectA vortex bioreactor that processes fecal sludge and wastewaterA device to improve pit latrine emptying+++++++++++++++The following organisations are the grantees (lead organisations):AGI Manufacturing, DCI Automation, Synapse Product Development, and Beaumont Design Inc.American Standard BrandsLoowatt Ltd.LIVVON LLCFrontier Environmental TechnologyInternational Water Management InstituteInstitute for Residential Innovation (IResl)London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAmerican Environmental Systems, Inc.University College LondonDelft University of TechnologyGhana Sustainable Aid ProjectSwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG)University of KwaZulu-NatalLoughborough UniversityOklahoma State UniversityFundación In TerrisUniversity of TorontoUniversity of California BerkeleyPlymouth Marine LaboratoryNorth Carolina State University++++++++++++++++This library entry contains three documents: 1 - Reinvent the Toilet Challenge - requst for proposals (Feb. 2011)2 - Program of the Fair (Aug. 2012)3 - Exhibitor Guide (Aug. 2012)4 - Short overview of the conditions for grants under the RTTC and GCE schemes

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Reinvent the Toilet Challenge (RTTC, Round 1 and 2), Grand Challenges Explorations (Round 6 and 7) - Request for proposals, grant conditions, Seattle ...

The challenge presently posed to humanity’s best and brightest is to develop practical ways and means for giving the “bottom billion” people access to safe and affordable sanitation that is pleasing to use and effectively removes human waste from the environment while recovering components that can be recycled.The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge:The initial phase of the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge involves offering grant support to exceptionally qualified, highly focused, innovative individuals and teams at selected universities with recent records of extraordinary engineering excellence in pertinent areas. The challenge is to commence the prototyping, conceptualizing, and designing of highly innovative ways and means of disposing of human waste in the high-value-engineered circumstances demanded by potential widespread, near-term adoption in the developing world. Note that this Challenge is a separate process from the open calls for proposals issued by the Foundation as part of its “Grand Challenges Explorations” grant process.Capabilities of primary interest to this challenge include acceptably disposing of the bodily wastes of a typical human adult for a total cost (capital and operating) of less than $0.05 per day. This “stretch goal” represents a large advance in cost-efficiency over contemporary “best available means” (e.g., those of life-support systems in underwater or space-going vehicles) even after taking credit for plausibly steep learning curves and mass production on indicated scales. Nonetheless, they represent the levels of economic efficiency that must be attained in order to have real potential for major favorable impacts on the human condition in the developing world during the next few decades.++++++++The Reinvent the Toilet Fair (14-15 August 2012, Seattle, USA) showcased innovations from around the world that are creating a new vision for the next generation of sanitation.The fair aimed to inspire collaboration around a shared mission of delivering a reinvented toilet for the 2.5 billion people worldwide who don’t have access to safe and affordable sanitation.The fair featured the foundation’s Water, Sanitation & Hygiene team’s earliest technology bets — most of the work presented received funding just over a year ago. During that time, grantees and partners have made some promising progress. The exhibits include efforts to reinvent the toilet, and approaches to improve the collection, treatment, and disposal of human waste. The fair was meant to spur partnerships and conversations about how we can work together to bring sanitation to those who need it most.++++++++++++++The following projects are included in the Exhibitor Guide with detailed factsheets:Fecal Sludge Omni-IngestorImproved latrine pans for pour-flush systemsAn energy-producing, waterless toilet systemA high-efficiency sanitary toilet with sewage treatmentA self-mixing biogas generatorDeveloping fortified fertilizer pellets from human waste Sewage Containment and Mineralization device (SeCoM)Tiger Toilet & Black Soldier Fly Larvae Collection SystemBioelectric ToiletDeveloping chemicals to self-clean and disinfect toiletsModeling the next generation of sanitation systemsA toilet that converts human waste to fuel gasThe Microflush Biofil ToiletDiversion for safe sanitationPromoting sanitation and nutrient recovery through urine separationA community bathroom block that recovers clean water, nutrients, and energyA toilet that produces biological charcoal, minerals, and clean waterA device that sterilizes fecal sludgeThe Earth Auger Toilet: Innovation in waterless sanitation (el taladro de la tierra)A toilet that sanitizes feces and urine to recover resources and energySafe sludge projectA vortex bioreactor that processes fecal sludge and wastewaterA device to improve pit latrine emptying+++++++++++++++The following organisations are the grantees (lead organisations):AGI Manufacturing, DCI Automation, Synapse Product Development, and Beaumont Design Inc.American Standard BrandsLoowatt Ltd.LIVVON LLCFrontier Environmental TechnologyInternational Water Management InstituteInstitute for Residential Innovation (IResl)London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAmerican Environmental Systems, Inc.University College LondonDelft University of TechnologyGhana Sustainable Aid ProjectSwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG)University of KwaZulu-NatalLoughborough UniversityOklahoma State UniversityFundación In TerrisUniversity of TorontoUniversity of California BerkeleyPlymouth Marine LaboratoryNorth Carolina State University++++++++++++++++This library entry contains three documents: 1 - Reinvent the Toilet Challenge - requst for proposals (Feb. 2011)2 - Program of the Fair (Aug. 2012)3 - Exhibitor Guide (Aug. 2012)4 - Short overview of the conditions for grants under the RTTC and GCE schemes

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Reinvent the Toilet Challenge (RTTC, Round 1 and 2), Grand Challenges Explorations (Round 6 and 7) - Request for proposals, grant conditions, Seattle ...

The challenge presently posed to humanity’s best and brightest is to develop practical ways and means for giving the “bottom billion” people access to safe and affordable sanitation that is pleasing to use and effectively removes human waste from the environment while recovering components that can be recycled.The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge:The initial phase of the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge involves offering grant support to exceptionally qualified, highly focused, innovative individuals and teams at selected universities with recent records of extraordinary engineering excellence in pertinent areas. The challenge is to commence the prototyping, conceptualizing, and designing of highly innovative ways and means of disposing of human waste in the high-value-engineered circumstances demanded by potential widespread, near-term adoption in the developing world. Note that this Challenge is a separate process from the open calls for proposals issued by the Foundation as part of its “Grand Challenges Explorations” grant process.Capabilities of primary interest to this challenge include acceptably disposing of the bodily wastes of a typical human adult for a total cost (capital and operating) of less than $0.05 per day. This “stretch goal” represents a large advance in cost-efficiency over contemporary “best available means” (e.g., those of life-support systems in underwater or space-going vehicles) even after taking credit for plausibly steep learning curves and mass production on indicated scales. Nonetheless, they represent the levels of economic efficiency that must be attained in order to have real potential for major favorable impacts on the human condition in the developing world during the next few decades.++++++++The Reinvent the Toilet Fair (14-15 August 2012, Seattle, USA) showcased innovations from around the world that are creating a new vision for the next generation of sanitation.The fair aimed to inspire collaboration around a shared mission of delivering a reinvented toilet for the 2.5 billion people worldwide who don’t have access to safe and affordable sanitation.The fair featured the foundation’s Water, Sanitation & Hygiene team’s earliest technology bets — most of the work presented received funding just over a year ago. During that time, grantees and partners have made some promising progress. The exhibits include efforts to reinvent the toilet, and approaches to improve the collection, treatment, and disposal of human waste. The fair was meant to spur partnerships and conversations about how we can work together to bring sanitation to those who need it most.++++++++++++++The following projects are included in the Exhibitor Guide with detailed factsheets:Fecal Sludge Omni-IngestorImproved latrine pans for pour-flush systemsAn energy-producing, waterless toilet systemA high-efficiency sanitary toilet with sewage treatmentA self-mixing biogas generatorDeveloping fortified fertilizer pellets from human waste Sewage Containment and Mineralization device (SeCoM)Tiger Toilet & Black Soldier Fly Larvae Collection SystemBioelectric ToiletDeveloping chemicals to self-clean and disinfect toiletsModeling the next generation of sanitation systemsA toilet that converts human waste to fuel gasThe Microflush Biofil ToiletDiversion for safe sanitationPromoting sanitation and nutrient recovery through urine separationA community bathroom block that recovers clean water, nutrients, and energyA toilet that produces biological charcoal, minerals, and clean waterA device that sterilizes fecal sludgeThe Earth Auger Toilet: Innovation in waterless sanitation (el taladro de la tierra)A toilet that sanitizes feces and urine to recover resources and energySafe sludge projectA vortex bioreactor that processes fecal sludge and wastewaterA device to improve pit latrine emptying+++++++++++++++The following organisations are the grantees (lead organisations):AGI Manufacturing, DCI Automation, Synapse Product Development, and Beaumont Design Inc.American Standard BrandsLoowatt Ltd.LIVVON LLCFrontier Environmental TechnologyInternational Water Management InstituteInstitute for Residential Innovation (IResl)London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAmerican Environmental Systems, Inc.University College LondonDelft University of TechnologyGhana Sustainable Aid ProjectSwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG)University of KwaZulu-NatalLoughborough UniversityOklahoma State UniversityFundación In TerrisUniversity of TorontoUniversity of California BerkeleyPlymouth Marine LaboratoryNorth Carolina State University++++++++++++++++This library entry contains three documents: 1 - Reinvent the Toilet Challenge - requst for proposals (Feb. 2011)2 - Program of the Fair (Aug. 2012)3 - Exhibitor Guide (Aug. 2012)4 - Short overview of the conditions for grants under the RTTC and GCE schemes

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Reinvent the Toilet Challenge (RTTC, Round 1 and 2), Grand Challenges Explorations (Round 6 and 7) - Request for proposals, grant conditions, Seattle ...

The challenge presently posed to humanity’s best and brightest is to develop practical ways and means for giving the “bottom billion” people access to safe and affordable sanitation that is pleasing to use and effectively removes human waste from the environment while recovering components that can be recycled.The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge:The initial phase of the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge involves offering grant support to exceptionally qualified, highly focused, innovative individuals and teams at selected universities with recent records of extraordinary engineering excellence in pertinent areas. The challenge is to commence the prototyping, conceptualizing, and designing of highly innovative ways and means of disposing of human waste in the high-value-engineered circumstances demanded by potential widespread, near-term adoption in the developing world. Note that this Challenge is a separate process from the open calls for proposals issued by the Foundation as part of its “Grand Challenges Explorations” grant process.Capabilities of primary interest to this challenge include acceptably disposing of the bodily wastes of a typical human adult for a total cost (capital and operating) of less than $0.05 per day. This “stretch goal” represents a large advance in cost-efficiency over contemporary “best available means” (e.g., those of life-support systems in underwater or space-going vehicles) even after taking credit for plausibly steep learning curves and mass production on indicated scales. Nonetheless, they represent the levels of economic efficiency that must be attained in order to have real potential for major favorable impacts on the human condition in the developing world during the next few decades.++++++++The Reinvent the Toilet Fair (14-15 August 2012, Seattle, USA) showcased innovations from around the world that are creating a new vision for the next generation of sanitation.The fair aimed to inspire collaboration around a shared mission of delivering a reinvented toilet for the 2.5 billion people worldwide who don’t have access to safe and affordable sanitation.The fair featured the foundation’s Water, Sanitation & Hygiene team’s earliest technology bets — most of the work presented received funding just over a year ago. During that time, grantees and partners have made some promising progress. The exhibits include efforts to reinvent the toilet, and approaches to improve the collection, treatment, and disposal of human waste. The fair was meant to spur partnerships and conversations about how we can work together to bring sanitation to those who need it most.++++++++++++++The following projects are included in the Exhibitor Guide with detailed factsheets:Fecal Sludge Omni-IngestorImproved latrine pans for pour-flush systemsAn energy-producing, waterless toilet systemA high-efficiency sanitary toilet with sewage treatmentA self-mixing biogas generatorDeveloping fortified fertilizer pellets from human waste Sewage Containment and Mineralization device (SeCoM)Tiger Toilet & Black Soldier Fly Larvae Collection SystemBioelectric ToiletDeveloping chemicals to self-clean and disinfect toiletsModeling the next generation of sanitation systemsA toilet that converts human waste to fuel gasThe Microflush Biofil ToiletDiversion for safe sanitationPromoting sanitation and nutrient recovery through urine separationA community bathroom block that recovers clean water, nutrients, and energyA toilet that produces biological charcoal, minerals, and clean waterA device that sterilizes fecal sludgeThe Earth Auger Toilet: Innovation in waterless sanitation (el taladro de la tierra)A toilet that sanitizes feces and urine to recover resources and energySafe sludge projectA vortex bioreactor that processes fecal sludge and wastewaterA device to improve pit latrine emptying+++++++++++++++The following organisations are the grantees (lead organisations):AGI Manufacturing, DCI Automation, Synapse Product Development, and Beaumont Design Inc.American Standard BrandsLoowatt Ltd.LIVVON LLCFrontier Environmental TechnologyInternational Water Management InstituteInstitute for Residential Innovation (IResl)London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAmerican Environmental Systems, Inc.University College LondonDelft University of TechnologyGhana Sustainable Aid ProjectSwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG)University of KwaZulu-NatalLoughborough UniversityOklahoma State UniversityFundación In TerrisUniversity of TorontoUniversity of California BerkeleyPlymouth Marine LaboratoryNorth Carolina State University++++++++++++++++This library entry contains three documents: 1 - Reinvent the Toilet Challenge - requst for proposals (Feb. 2011)2 - Program of the Fair (Aug. 2012)3 - Exhibitor Guide (Aug. 2012)4 - Short overview of the conditions for grants under the RTTC and GCE schemes